When the Ottoman Empire extended its authority over the Hijaz in the early 16th century, it sought to bolster its prestige and role within the Islamic world by organizing and securing pilgrimage caravans.
From Damascus to the Kaʿba: Julbī’s…
When the Ottoman Empire extended its authority over the Hijaz in the early 16th century, it sought to bolster its prestige and role within the Islamic world by organizing and securing pilgrimage caravans.